The Lumbar Models simulator manufactured by Nacional Ossos is ideal for learning, planning and exercising minimally invasive spine techniques. LUMBAR MODELS ESS is a cross-section of the trunk (abdomen) in the region of the lumbosacral spine (from L1 to the sacrum) with: Skin and muscle layer. Lumbosacral spine. Pelvis. Periosteum. Herniated disc (fibrous annulus and nucleus). Adipose tissue (fat simulation). Yellow ligament (flavum). Enervations. Dura mater (with simulation of blood vessels) Posterior longitudinal ligament. Produced with materials similar physically and cognitively to natural humans. It allows the surgeon to have training, very close to reality, obtaining X-ray and tomographic images (the product is radiopaque), using a fully navigated surgery navigator or or with the help of a side map that comes with the product, all to do a great training with respect to Bioethics. LOMBAR MODELS ESS comes with X-ray image, CD with DICOM file of the tomography. Characteristics: The simulator is produced with synthetic materials that simulate the natural human. It is available with some very common pathologies in the lumbar spine: Herniated disc, available in all vertebral discs. Spinal canal stenosis. Foraminal stenosis. Facet arthrosis in all vertebrae. Osteophytosis. PROCEDURE MOST INDICATED. Performing minimally invasive endoscopic surgeries Offers 20 accesses/surgeries: 5 Interlaminar posterior, right side 5 Interlaminar posterior, left side 5 Lateral transforaminal, right side 5 Lateral transforaminal, left side. It can be used for open surgeries: placement of pedicle screws, minimally invasive lateral cages, among others.